Research / Subject Areas

Metacognitive Theory and Therapy

Fergus, T.A., Bardeen, J.R. (2016). The Attention Training Technique: A Review of a Neurobehavioural Therapy for Emotional Disorders.Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 23(4), 502-516. 

Fergus, T.A., Valentiner, D.P., McGrath, P.B., Gier-Lonsway, S., & Jencius, S. (2013). The cognitive attentional syndrome: Examining relations with mood and anxiety symptoms and distinctiveness from psychological inflexibility in a clinical sample. Psychiatry Research, 210(1), 215-219.

Fisher, P.L. (2012) Metacognitive Therapy. In Dryden W. (Ed) CBT approaches to psychotherapy and counseling, Sage.

Fisher, P. & Wells, A. (2009). Metacognitive Therapy: Distinctive Features.Hove, UK: Routledge. Cooper, M.

Hjemdal, O., Hagen, R., Nordahl, H.M.,& Wells, A. (2013). Metacognitive therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Nature, Evidence and an individual case illustration. Cognitive Behavioural Practice, 20, 301–313

McEvoy, P.M., Erceg-Hurn, D.M., Anderson, R.A., Campbell, B.N., Swan, A., Saulsman, L.M., Summers, M., Nathan, P.R (2015). Group metacognitive therapy for repetitive negative thinking in primary and non-primary generalized anxiety disorder: an effectiveness trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 175, 124-132.

McEvoy, P.M., Erceg-Hurn, D.M., Anderson, R.A., Campbell, B.N., Nathan, P.R. (2015). Mechanisms of change during group metacognitive therapy for repetitive negative thinking in primary and non-primary generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 35, 19-26.

Siegle, G.J., Ghinassi, F., Thase, M.E. (2008). Neurobehavioral therapies in the 21st century: summary of an emerging field and an extended example of cognitive control training for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 31, 235-262.

Solem, S., Thunes, S.S., Hjemdal, O., Hagen, R., & Wells, A. (2015). A Metacognitive Perspective on Mindfulness: An Empirical Investigation. BMC Psychology, 3(24), 1-10.

Todd, G. & Wells, A. (2009). Treating Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating: An Integrated Metacognitive and Cognitive Therapy Manual. London, UK: Routledge.

Wells, A. (1997). Cognitive Therapy of Anxiety Disorders: A practice manual and conceptual guide. Chichester, UK: Wiley.

Wells, A. (1999) A metacognitive model and therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 6, 86-95.

Wells, A. (1999) A cognitive model of generalised anxiety disorder. Behaviour Modification, 23, 526-555.

Wells, A. (2002). GAD, Metacognition, and Mindfulness: An Information Processing Analysis. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9, 95-100.

Wells, A. (2002). Worry, metacognition and GAD: Nature, consequences and treatment. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 16, 179-192.

Wells, A. (2003). Anxiety disorders, metacognition and change. In: R.L. Leahy (ed.). Roadblocks in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Transforming challenges into opportunities for change. New York: Guilford.

Wells, A. (2004). A Cognitive Model of GAD: Metacognitions and Pathological Worry. In: R.G Heimberg, C. Turk, D. Mennin (eds.). Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Advances in Research and Practice. New York: Guilford.

Wells, A. (2004). Metacognitive Therapy: Elements of mental control in understanding and treating GAD and PTSD. In: R.L. Leahy (Ed.). Contemporary Cognitive Therapy: Theory, Research, and Practice. New York: Guilford.

Wells, A. (2005). Worry, Intrusive Thoughts, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The Metacognitive Theory and Treatment. In: D.A. Clark (ed.). Intrusive thoughts in Clinical Disorders: Theory, Research and Treatment. New York: Guilford.

Wells, A. (2005). Generalized Anxiety Disorder. In: A. Freeman (Ed.). Encyclopedia of Cognitive Behavior Therapy.New York: Springer.

Wells, A. (2005). Detached Mindfulness in Cognitive Therapy: A metacognitive analysis and ten techniques.Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive –Behavior Therapy, 23, 337-355

Wells, A. (2006) The Metacognitive Model of Worry and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. In: G.C.L. Davey & A. Wells (Eds.). Worry and Psychological Disorders: Assessment and Treatment. Chichester, UK: Wiley.

Wells, A.(2007). Cognition about Cognition: Metacognitive Therapy and Change in Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Social Phobia. Cognitive and Behavioural Practice, 14, 18-25.

Wells, A. (2007). The Attention Training Technique: Theory, effects and a metacognitive hypothesis on auditory hallucinations. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 14, 134-138.

Wells, A. (2008). Metacognitive Therapy: Cognition applied to regulating cognition. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 36, 651-658.

Wells, A.(2009). Metacognitive Therapy for Anxiety and Depression. New York: Guilford.

Wells, A. (2010). Metacognitive Theory and Therapy for Worry and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Review and Status. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology. 1(1), 133-145.

Wells, A. (2010). Metacognitive Therapy. In J.D. Herbert & E.M. Forman (Eds). Acceptance and Mindfulness in Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Understanding and applying the new therapies. New York: Wiley.

Wells, A. (2013). Advances in Metacognitive Therapy. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 6, 186-201.

Wells, A., & Fisher, P.L. (Eds.) (2015) Treating Depression: Principles and Practice of MCT, CBT and Third Wave Therapies. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Wells, A., & Fisher, P.L. (2015)). The theoretical basis of metacognitive therapy for depression. In A. Wells & P.L. Fisher (Eds.) Treating Depression: Principles and Practice of MCT, CBT and Third Wave Therapies. New York: John Wiley & Sons

Wells, A. & Matthews, G.(2006). Cognitive vulnerability to anxiety disorders: An integration. In: L.B. Alloy & J.H.Riskind (Eds.). Cognitive Vulnerability to Emotional Disorders. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Wells, A, Myers, S., Simons, M. & Fisher, P.L (In Press). Metacognitive therapy for OCD. In J Abramowitz, D. McKay & E. Storch (Eds)., Handbook of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Across the Lifespan. Chichester, UK: Wiley.

Wells, A. & Sembi, S. (2004). Metacognitive Therapy for PTSD: A Core Treatment Manual. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 11, 365-377.

Wells, A. & Papageorgiou, C. (2004). Metacognitive Therapy for Depressive Rumination. In: C. Papageorgiou & A.Wells (Eds.). Depressive Rumination: Nature, Theory and Treatment. Chichester, UK: Wiley.

Wells, A. & Matthews, G. (1996). Modelling cognition in emotional disorder: The S-REF model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 881-888.

Wells, A. & Matthews, G. (1996). Anxiety and Cognition. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 9, 422-426.

Treatment Outcomes

Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., Hansen, B., Haseth, S., & Wells, A. (2018). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioural therapy in adults with generalised anxiety disorder. BJPsych open, 4(5), 393–400. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.54 

Fernie, B.A., Murphy, G., Wells, A., Nikčević, A.V. & Spada, M.M. (2016) ‘Treatment Outcome and Metacognitive Change in CBT and GET for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome’,Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 44(4), 397–409.

Fisher, P.L. & Wells, A. (2008). Metacognitive Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A case series. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 39, 117-132

Fitt, S. and Rees, C. (2013) ‘Metacognitive Therapy for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder By Videoconference: A Preliminary Study’,Behaviour Change, 29(4), pp. 213–229.

Groves, S. J., Porter, R. J., Jordan, J., Knight, R., Carter, J. D., McIntosh, V. V. W., Fernando, K., Frampton, C. M. A., Mulder, R. T., Lacey, C. and Joyce, P. R. (2015). Change in Neuropsychological Function After Treatment with Metacognitive Therapy or Cognitive Behaviour Therapy For Depression. Depression and Anxiety, 32(6), 437–444.

Hjemdal, O., Hagen, R., Solem, S., Nordahl, H., Kennair, L., Ryum, T., Nordahl, H.M., & Wells, A. (2016). Metacognitive Therapy in Major Depression: An Open Trial of Comorbid Cases. Cognitive and Behavioural Practice. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2016.06.006

Hutton, P., Morrison, A.P., Wardle, M., & Wells, A. (2014). Metacognitive Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Psychosis: A Multiple-Baseline Study. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy,42(2), 166-185.

Jordan, J, Carter, J.D., McIntosh, V.V., Fernando, K., Frampton, C.M., Porter, R.J., Mulder, R.T., Lacey, C., & Joyce, P.R. (2014). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive behavioural therapy for depression: a randomized pilot study. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 48(10), 1-12.

Morrison, A.P., Pyle, M., Chapman, N., French, P., Parker, S.K., & Wells, A. (2014). Metacognitive therapy in people with a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis and medication resistant symptoms: A feasibility study. Journal of Behaiour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 45(2), 280-284.

Nordahl, H. M. (2009). Effectiveness of brief metacognitive therapy versus cognitive-behavioral therapy in a general outpatient setting. International Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 2, 152-159.

Normann, N., van Emmerik, A.A.P., & Morina, N. (2014). The Efficacy of Metacognitive Therapy for Anxiety and Depression: A Meta-analytic Review. Depression and Anxiety. 31(5), 402-411.

Papageorgiou, C. & Wells, A. (1998).Effects of attention training in hypochondriasis: An experimental case series. Psychological Medicine, 28, 193-200.

Papageorgiou, C. & Wells, A. (2000). Treatment of recurrent major depression with Attention Training. Cognitive and Behavioural Practice, 7, 407- 413.

Papageorgiou, C., & Wells, A. (2015). Group Metacognitive Therapy for Severe Antidepressant and CBT Resistant Depression: A Baseline-Controlled Trial. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 39(1), 14-22.

van der Heiden, C., & Melchior, K.. (2014). A 30-Month Follow-Up of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Status After Metacognitive Therapy and Intolerance of Uncertainity Therapy. European Journal For Person Cantered Healthcare, 2(4), 434-38

van der Heiden, C., Melchior, K., & de Stigter, E. (2013). The Effectiveness of Group Metacognitive Therapy for Generalised Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy. 43(3), 151-157.

van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H.T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(2), 100-109.

van der Heiden, C., van Rossen, K., Dekker, A., Damstra, M., & Deen, M. (2016). Metacognitive therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A pilot study. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. 9, 24-29.

Wells, A. & Colbear, J. S. (2012). Treating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Metacognitive Therapy: A Preliminary Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 68(4), 373–381.

Wells, A., & Fisher, P. (2011). Meta-Cognitive Therapy Without Metacognition: A Case of ADHD. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168 (3), 327-327.

Wells, A., Fisher, P. Myers, S., Wheatley, J., Patel, T. & Brewin, C.R. (2009). Metacognitive Therapy in Recurrent and Persistent Depression: A Multiple-Baseline Study of a New Treatment. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 33, 291-300.

Wells, A., Fisher, P., Myers, S., Wheatley,J., Patel, T., & Brewin, C.R. (2012). Metacognitive therapy in treatment-resistant depression: A platform trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(6), 367-373.

Wells, A. & King, P. (2006). Metacognitive Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: An open trial. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 37, 206-212.

Wells, A. & Papageorgiou, C. (2001). Brief Cognitive Therapy for Social Phobia: A case series Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 713-720.

Wells, A. & Sembi, S. (2004). Metacognitive Therapy for PTSD: A preliminary investigation of a new brief treatment. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 35, 307-318.

Wells, A., Walton, D., Lovell, K. et al. (2015). Metacognitive Therapy Versus Prolonged Exposure in Adults with Chronic Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 39(1), 70-80.

Wells, A., Welford, M., Fraser, J., King, P., Mendel, E., Wisely, J., Knight, A. & Rees, D. (2008). Chronic PTSD Treated with Metacognitive Therapy: An Open Trial. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 15, 85-92

Wells, A., Welford, M., King, P., Papageorgiou, C., Wisely, J. & Mendel, E. (2010). A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 429-434.

Wells, A., White, J. & Carter, K. (1997) Attention Training: Effects on anxiety and beliefs in panic and social phobia. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 4, 226-232.

Generalised Anxiety Disorder & Worry

Ellis, D.M. & Hudson, J.L. (2010). The Metacognitive Model of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Children and Adolescents. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 13(2), 151-163.

Fisher, P.L., & Wells, A. (2009) Psychological models of worry and generalized anxiety disorder. In M. Antony & M.B. Stein (Eds.), Handbook of Anxiety and Related Disorders, Oxford University Press.

Hjemdal, O., Hagen, R., Nordahl, H.M.,& Wells, A. (2013). Metacognitive therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Nature, Evidence and an individual case illustration. Cognitive Behavioural Practice, 20, 301–313

Nordahl, H. M., Wells, A, Craig, D. & Bjerkeset, O. (2010). ICD-10 psychosocial situations in children with Generalized Anxiety Disorders, Oppositional Defiant Disorder and non-patient controls. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44, 852-858

van der Heiden, C., & Melchior, K.. (2014). A 30-Month Follow-Up of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Status After Metacognitive Therapy and Intolerance of Uncertainity Therapy. European Journal For Person Cantered Healthcare, 2(4), 434-38

van der Heiden, C., Melchior, K., & de Stigter, E. (2013). The Effectiveness of Group Metacognitive Therapy for Generalised Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy. 43(3), 151-157.

van der Heiden, C., Muris, P., & van der Molen, H.T. (2012). Randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and intolerance-of-uncertainty therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(2), 100-109.

Wells, A. (1995) Meta-cognition and worry: A cognitive model of generalised anxiety disorder. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23, 301-320.

Wells, A. (1999) A metacognitive model and therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 6, 86-95.

Wells, A. (1999) A cognitive model of generalised anxiety disorder. Behaviour Modification, 23, 526-555.

Wells, A. (2002). GAD, Metacognition, and Mindfulness: An Information Processing Analysis. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9, 95-100.

Wells, A. (2002). Worry, metacognition and GAD: Nature, consequences and treatment. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 16, 179-192.

Wells, A. (2002). Brief cognitive therapy of generalised anxiety disorder. In: Windy Dryden and Frank Bond (eds.). Brief Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. Chichester, UK: Wiley.

Wells, A. (2004). A Cognitive Model of GAD: Metacognitions and Pathological Worry. In: R.G Heimberg, C. Turk, D. Mennin (eds.). Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Advances in Research and Practice. New York: Guilford.

Wells, A. (2004). Metacognitive Therapy: Elements of mental control in understanding and treating GAD and PTSD. In: R.L. Leahy (Ed.). Contemporary Cognitive Therapy: Theory, Research, and Practice. New York: Guilford.

Wells, A. (2005). The Metacognitive Model of GAD: Assessment of meta-worry and relationship with DSM-IV Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 107-121.

Wells, A. (2005). Worry, Intrusive Thoughts, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The Metacognitive Theory and Treatment. In: D.A. Clark (ed.). Intrusive thoughts in Clinical Disorders: Theory, Research and Treatment. New York: Guilford.

Wells, A. (2006) The Metacognitive Model of Worry and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. In: G.C.L. Davey & A. Wells (Eds.). Worry and Psychological Disorders: Assessment and Treatment. Chichester, UK: Wiley.

Wells, A. (2006). Metacognitive Therapy for Worry and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. In: G.C.L. Davey & A. Wells (Eds.). Worry and Psychological Disorders: Assessment and Treatment. Chichester, UK: Wiley.

Wells, A. & Butler, G. (1996). Generalised anxiety disorder. In: D. M. Clark & C. Fairburn (eds.). Science and Practice of Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy. Oxford UK: Oxford University Press.

Wells, A. & Carter C (1999). Preliminary tests of a cognitive model of Generalised Anxiety Disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 585-594.

Wells, A. & Carter, K. (2001). Further tests of a cognitive model of Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Metacognitions and worry in GAD, panic disorder, social phobia, depression, and non-patients. Behavior Therapy, 32, 85-102.

Wells, A. & Carter, K. (2006). Generalised Anxiety Disorder. In: A. Carr & M. McNulty (Eds.). Handbook of Adult Clinical Psychology: An evidence based approach. London, UK: Routledge

Wells, A. & Carter, K.E.P. (2009) Maladaptive Thought Control Strategies in Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, and Nonpatient Groups and Relationships with Trait Anxiety. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 2, 224-234.

Wells, A. & King, P. (2006). Metacognitive Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: An open trial. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 37, 206-212.

Wells, A., Welford, M., King, P., Papageorgiou, C., Wisely, J. & Mendel, E. (2010). A pilot randomized trial of metacognitive therapy vs applied relaxation in the treatment of adults with generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 429-434.

Depression & Rumination

Bevan, D., Wittkowski, A. & Wells, A. (2013), A Multiple-Baseline Study of the Effects Associated With Metacognitive Therapy in Postpartum Depression. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 58(1), 69–75.

Callesen P., Backhausen Jensen A. & Wells A. (2013). Metacognitive therapy in recurrent depression: A case replication series in Denmark. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology ,55, 60–64.

Dammen, T., Papageorgiou, C., & Wells, A. (2015). An open trial of group metacognitive therapy for depression in Norway. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 69(2), 126-131.

Groves, S. J., Porter, R. J., Jordan, J., Knight, R., Carter, J. D., McIntosh, V. V. W., Fernando, K., Frampton, C. M. A., Mulder, R. T., Lacey, C. and Joyce, P. R. (2015). Change in Neuropsychological Function After Treatment with Metacognitive Therapy or Cognitive Behaviour Therapy For Depression. Depression and Anxiety, 32(6), 437–444.

Hjemdal, O., Hagen, R., Nordahl, H., Solem, S., Kennair, L. E. O., Ryum, T., Nordahl, HM., & Wells, A. (2016).Treating depressive disorders with comorbidity: An open trial using Metacognitive Therapy (MCT). Cognitive and Behavioural Practise DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2016.06.006

Jordan, J, Carter, J.D., McIntosh, V.V., Fernando, K., Frampton, C.M., Porter, R.J., Mulder, R.T., Lacey, C., & Joyce, P.R. (2014). Metacognitive therapy versus cognitive behavioural therapy for depression: a randomized pilot study. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 48(10), 1-12.

Matthews, G. & Wells, A. (2004). Rumination, depression and metacognition: The S-REF model. In: C. Papageorgiou & A. Wells (Eds.). Depressive Rumination: Nature, Theory and Treatment. Chichester, UK: Wiley.

Oliver, J. M., Klocek, J. & Wells, A. (1995). Depressed and anxious moods mediate relations among perceived socialization, self-focused attention, and dysfunction attitudes. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51, 726-739.

Papageorgiou, C. & Wells, A. (1999). Process and metacognitive dimensions of depressive and anxious thoughts and relationships with emotional intensity. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 2, 156-162.

Papageorgiou, C. & Wells, A. (2000). Treatment of recurrent major depression with Attention Training. Cognitive and Behavioural Practice, 7, 407- 413.

Papageorgiou, C. & Wells, A. (2001). Metacognitive beliefs about rumination in recurrent major depression. Cognitive and Behavioral Practise, 8, 160-164.

Papageorgiou, C. & Wells, A. (2001). Positive beliefs about depressive rumination: Development and preliminary validation of a self-report scale. Behavior Therapy, 32, 13-26.

Papageorgiou, C. & Wells, A. (2003). An empirical test of a clinical metacognitive model of rumination and depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 261-273.

Papageorgiou, C. & Wells, A. (2004). Nature, Functions, and Beliefs about Depressive Rumination. In: C. Papageorgiou & A. Wells (Eds.). Depressive Rumination: Nature, Theory and Treatment. Chichester, UK: Wiley.

Papageorgiou, C. & Wells, A. (2009). A prospective test of the clinical metacognitive model of rumination and depression. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 2, 123-131.

Papageorgiou, C., & Wells, A. (2015). Group Metacognitive Therapy for Severe Antidepressant and CBT Resistant Depression: A Baseline-Controlled Trial. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 39(1), 14-22.

Patel, T., Brewin, C.R., Wheatley, J., Wells, A., Fisher, P. & Myers, S. (2007) Intrusive images and memories in major depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2573-2580.

Wells, A., Fisher, P. Myers, S., Wheatley, J., Patel, T. & Brewin, C.R. (2009). Metacognitive Therapy in Recurrent and Persistent Depression: A Multiple-Baseline Study of a New Treatment. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 33, 291-300.

Wells, A., Fisher, P., Myers, S., Wheatley,J., Patel, T., & Brewin, C.R. (2012). Metacognitive therapy in treatment-resistant depression: A platform trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(6), 367-373.

Wells, A. & Papageorgiou, C. (2004). Metacognitive Therapy for Depressive Rumination. In: C. Papageorgiou & A.Wells (Eds.). Depressive Rumination: Nature, Theory and Treatment. Chichester, UK: Wiley.

Wheatley, J., Brewin, C.R., Patel, T., Hackmann, A., Wells, A., Fisher, P. & Myers, S. (2007). “I’ll believe it when I can see it”: Imagery rescripting of intrusive sensory memories in depression. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38, 371-385.

Traumatic Stress

Bennett, H. & Wells, A. (2010). Metacognition, memory disorganization and rumination in posttraumatic stress symptoms. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24, 318-325.

Holeva, V., Tarrier, N. & Wells, A. (2001). Prevalence and predictors of acute PTSD following road traffic accidents: Thought control strategies and social support. Behavior Therapy, 32, 65-83.

Reynolds, M. & Wells, A. (1999). The Thought Control Questionnaire – psychometric properties in a clinical sample, and relationships with PTSD and depression. Psychological Medicine, 29, 1089-1099.

Roussis, P. & Wells, A. (2006). Post-traumatic stress symptoms: tests of relationships with thought control strategies and beliefs as predicted by the metacognitive model. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 111-122

Roussis, P. & Wells, A. (2008). Psychological factors predicting stress symptoms: Metacognition, thought control and varieties of worry. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 21, 213-225.

Wells, A. & Colbear, J. S. (2012). Treating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Metacognitive Therapy: A Preliminary Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 68(4), 373–381.

Wells, A. & Sembi, S. (2004). Metacognitive Therapy for PTSD: A preliminary investigation of a new brief treatment. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 35, 307-318.

Wells, A., Walton, D., Lovell, K. et al. (2015). Metacognitive Therapy Versus Prolonged Exposure in Adults with Chronic Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 39(1), 70-80.

Wells, A., Welford, M., Fraser, J., King, P., Mendel, E., Wisely, J., Knight, A. & Rees, D. (2008). Chronic PTSD Treated with Metacognitive Therapy: An Open Trial. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 15, 85-92.

Intrusive Thoughts & Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms

Butler, G., Wells, A. & Dewick, H. (1995) Differential effects of worry and imagery after exposure to a stressful stimulus: A pilot study. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23, 45-56.

Fisher, P.L. (2009). Obsessive compulsive disorder: A comparison of CBT and the Metacognitive approach. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 2, 107-122.

Fisher, P.L. & Wells, A. (2005). Experimental modification of beliefs in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a test of the metacognitive model.Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 821-829.

Fisher, P.L. & Wells, A. (2005). How effective are cognitive and behavioural treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder? A clinical significance analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1543-1558.

Fisher, P.L. & Wells, A. (2008). Metacognitive Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A case series. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 39, 117-132

Fitt, S. and Rees, C. (2013) ‘Metacognitive Therapy for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder By Videoconference: A Preliminary Study’,Behaviour Change, 29(4), pp. 213–229.

Grøtte, T., Solem, S., Myers, S.G., Hjemdal, O., Vogel, P.A., Güzeyd, I., Hansen, B., Nordahl, H.M., & Fisher, P.L. (in press) Metacognitions in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a psychometric study of the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Gwilliam, P., Wells, A. & Cartwright-Hatton, S. (2004). Does meta-cognition or responsibility predict obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A test of the meta-cognitive model.Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 11, 137-144.

McNicol, K., & Wells, A. (2012). Metacognition and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: The Contribution of Thought-Fusion Beliefs and Beliefs about Rituals. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 5, 330-340.

Myers, S.G., Fisher, P.L. & Wells, A. (2009). Metacognition and cognition as predictors of obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A prospective study. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 2, 132-142.

Myers, S. & Wells, A. (2005). Obsessive-compulsive symptoms: the contribution of metacognitions and responsibility. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19, 806-817.

Solem, S., Håland, A.T., Vogel, P.A., Hansen, B. & Wells, A. (2009). Change in metacognitions predicts outcome in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients undergoing treatment with exposure and response prevention. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 301-307

Solem, S., Myers, S., Fisher, P.L., Vogel, P.A. & Wells, A. (2010). An empirical test of the metacognitive model of obsessive-compulsive symptoms: Replication and extension. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24, 79-86.

van der Heiden, C., van Rossen, K., Dekker, A., Damstra, M., & Deen, M. (2016). Metacognitive therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A pilot study. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. 9, 24-29.

Wells, A. (1995) An Issue of Intrusions. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23, 201.

Wells, A. & Morrison, A. (1994) Qualitative dimensions of normal worry and normal obsessions: A comparative study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 867-870.

Wells, A, Myers, S., Simons, M. & Fisher, P.L (In Press). Metacognitive therapy for OCD. In J Abramowitz, D. McKay & E. Storch (Eds)., Handbook of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Across the Lifespan. Chichester, UK: Wiley.

Wells, A. & Papageorgiou, C. (1995) Worry and the incubation of intrusive images following stress. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 579-583.

Wells, A. & Papageorgiou, C. (1998). Relationships between worry, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and meta-cognitive beliefs. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 899-913.

Yilmaz, A.E., Tulin, G. & Wells, A. (2008). Psychometric characteristics of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire and Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 and metacognitive predictors of worry and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a Turkish sample. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 15, 424-439.

Social Phobia

Clark, D. M. & Wells, A. (1995) A cognitive model of social phobia. In: R.G. Heimberg, M. R. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope & R. R. Schneier (eds.): Social Phobia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Treatment. New York: Guilford Press.

Nordahl, HM., Nordahl, H., & Wells, A. (2016). Metacognition and Perspective Taking Predict Negative Self-Evaluation of Social Performance in Patients with SAD. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology.

Nordahl, HM., Nordahl, H., & Wells, A. (2016). Metacognition and Perspective Taking Predict Negative Self-Evaluation of Social Performance in Patients with SAD. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 7, 601-607.

Nordahl, HM, Vogel, PA., Morken, G., Stiles, T., Sandvik, P., & Wells, A. (2016). Paroxetine, Cognitive therapy or their combination in the treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder with and without avoidant personality disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 85, 346-356.

Nutt, D., Baldwin, D., Beaumont, G., Bell, C., Denny, C., Knapp, M., Maxwell, R., McNicholas, F. & Wells, A. (1999). Guidelines for the management of social phobia/social anxiety disorder. Primary Care Psychiatry, 5, 147-155.

Papageorgiou, C. & Wells, A. (2002). Effects of heart rate information on anxiety, perspective-taking and performance in high and low social-evaluative anxiety. Behavior Therapy, 33, 181-199.

Vogel, P.A., Hagen, R., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., Smeby, M., Strand, E., Fisher, P.L., Nordahl, H.M.., & Wells, A. (in press) Metacognitive therapy applications in Social Phobia: An exploratory study of the individual and combined effects of the attention training technique and situational attentional refocusing. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology

Vogel, P. A., Hagen, R., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., Smeby, M. C. B., Strand, E. R., Fisher, P., Nordahl, HM., & Wells, A. (2016) Metacognitive Therapy applications in social phobia: An exploratory study of the individual and combined effects of the Attention Training Technique and Situational Attentional Refocusing. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology,7, 608-618.

Wells, A. (2001). The maintenance and treatment of social phobia: A Cognitive Approach. Journal of the Norwegian Psychological Association, 38, 717-724.

Wells, A. (1998). Cognitive therapy of social phobia. In: N. Tarrier, A. Wells, & G. Haddock (eds.). Cognitive-behaviour therapy of complex cases. Chichester UK: Wiley.

Wells, A. (2007). Cognition about Cognition: Metacognitive Therapy and Change in Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Social Phobia. Cognitive and Behavioural Practice, 14, 18-25.

Wells, A. & Clark, D. M. (1997) Social Phobia: A cognitive approach. In: G. C. L. Davey (ed.). Phobias: A Handbook of Theory, Research and Treatment. Chichester UK: Wiley.

Wells, A., Clark, D. M. & Ahmad, S. (1998). How do I look with my minds eye?: Perspective taking in social phobic imagery. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 631-634 .

Wells, A., Clark, D. M., Salkovskis, P., Ludgate, J. Hackmann, A. & Gelder, M. (1995) Social Phobia: The role of in-situation safety behaviors in maintaining anxiety and negative beliefs. Behavior Therapy, 26, 152-161.

Wells, A. & McMillan, D. (2004). Psychological Treatment of Social Phobia. Psychiatry, 3, 56-60.

Wells, A. & Papageorgiou, C. (1998). Social phobia: Effects of external attention focus on anxiety, negative beliefs and perspective taking. Behavior Therapy. 29, 357-370.

Wells, A. & Papageorgiou, C. (1999). The observer perspective: biased imagery in social phobia, agoraphobia, and blood/injury phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 653-658.

Wells, A. & Papageorgiou, C. (2001). Social phobic interoception: Effects of bodily information on anxiety, beliefs and self-processing. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 1-11.

Wells, A. & Papageorgiou, C. (2001). Brief Cognitive Therapy for Social Phobia: A case series Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 713-720.

Health Anxiety, Panic & Physical Illnesses

Allott, R., Wells, A., Morrison, A.P. and Walker, R. (2005). Distress in Parkinson’s disease: contributions of disease factors and metacognitive style. British Journal of Psychiatry, 187, 182-183.

Bailey, R., & Wells, A. (2013). Does Metacognition Make a Unique Contribution to Health Anxiety When Controlling for Neuroticism, Illness Cognition, and Somatosensory Amplification?. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 27(4), 327-337.

Bailey, R., & Wells, A. (2014). Metacognitive Therapy in the Treatment of Hypochondriasis: A Systematic Case Series. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 38(5), 541-550.

Bailey, R., & Wells, A. (2015). Metacognitive beliefs moderate the relationship between catastrophic misinterpretation and health anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 34, 8-14.

Bailey, R., & Wells, A. (2015). Development and initial validation of a measure of metacognitive beliefs in health anxiety: The MCQ-HA.Psychiatry research, 230(3), 871-877.

Bailey, R., & Wells, A. (2015). The contribution of metacognitive beliefs and dysfunctional illness beliefs in predicting health anxiety: An evaluation of the metacognitive versus the cognitive models. Clinical Psychologist. 20, 129-137.

Bailey, R., & Wells, A. (2016). Is metacognition a causal moderator of the relationship between catastrophic misinterpretation and health anxiety? A prospective study. Behaviour research and therapy, 78, 43-50.

Brown, R.G., & Fernie, B.A. (2015). Metacognitions, anxiety, and distress related to motor fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 78(2), 143-148.

Cook, S.A., Salmon, P., Dunn, G., Holcombe, C., Cornford, P., & Fisher, P. (2015). A Prospective Study of the Association of Metacognitive Beliefs and Processes with Persistent Emotional Distress After Diagnosis of Cancer. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 39(1), 51-60.

Fernie, B.A., Murphy, G., Wells, A., Nikčević, A.V. & Spada, M.M. (2016) ‘Treatment Outcome and Metacognitive Change in CBT and GET for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome’,Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 44(4), 397–409.

Fernie, B.A., Spada, M.M., Chaudhuri, K.R., Klingelhoefer, L., Brown, R.G. (2015). Thinking about motor fluctuations: An examination of metacognitions in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 79(6), 669-673.

Fisher, P.L, Cook, SA, & Noble, A. (2016). Clinical utility of the metacognitions questionnaire 30 in people with epilepsy. Epilepsy and Behavior,57 185-191

Fisher, P.L., McNicol, K., Young, B., Smith, E., & Salmon, P. (2015). Alleviating Emotional Distress in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors: An Open Trial of Metacognitive Therapy. Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology. 4(2), 64-69.

Kaur, A., Butow, P., & Thewes, B. (2011). Do Metacognitions Predict Attentional Bias in Health Anxiety?. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 35(6), 575-580.

Maher-Edwards, L., Fernie, B. A., Murphy, G., Nikcevic, A. V. & Spada, M. M. (2012), Metacognitive Factors in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Clin. Psychol. Psychother., 19: 552–557.

Maher-Edwards, L., Fernie, B.A., Murphy, G., Wells, A. & Spada, M.M. (2011). Metacognitions and negative emotions as predictors of symptom severity in chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 70, 311-317.

McNicol, K., Salmon, P., Young, B., & Fisher, P. (2012). Alleviating Emotional Distress in a Young Adult Survivor of Adolescent Cancer: A Case Study Illustrating a New Application of Metacognitive Therapy. Clinical Case Studies, 1-17.

Melli, G., Carraresi, C., Ploi, A., & Bailey, R. (2016). The role of metacognitive beliefs in health anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 89, 80-85.

Solem, S., Borgejordet, S., Haseth, S., Hansen, B., Haland, A., Bailey, R. (2015). Symptoms of health anxiety in obsessive–compulsive disorder: Relationship with treatment outcome and metacognition. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 5, 76-81.

Thewes, B., Bell, M. L. & Butow, P. (2013), Fear of cancer recurrence in young early-stage breast cancer survivors: the role of metacognitive style and disease-related factors. Psycho-Oncology, 22: 2059–2063

Wells, A. (1990) Panic disorder in association with relaxation induced anxiety: An attention training approach to treatment. Behaviour Therapy, 21, 273-280.

Wells, A. & Fisher, P.L. (2011). Meta-cognitive therapy without metacognition: A case of ADHD. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168, 327

Wells, A. & Hackmann, A. (1993). Imagery and core beliefs in health anxiety: Content and origins. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 21, 265-273

Wells, A., White, J. & Carter, K. (1997) Attention Training: Effects on anxiety and beliefs in panic and social phobia. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 4, 226-232.

Eating Disorders

Bjørnelv, S, Nordahl, H. M., & Lingaas Holmen, T. (2010). Psychological factors and weight problems in adolescents. The Young-HUNT study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 45, 353-362.

Cooper, M., Todd, G., Cohen-Tovee, E., Wells, A. & Tovee, M. (1997). The eating disorder belief questionnaire: Preliminary development. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 381-388.

Cooper, M., Todd, G. & Wells, A. (2000). Bulimia Nervosa: A self-help cognitive therapy programme. Chichester, UK: Wiley.

Cooper, M., Todd, G. & Wells, A. (2007). Cognitive Therapy for Bulimia Nervisa: An A-B Replication Series. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 14, 402-411.

Cooper, M., Todd, G. & Wells, A. (2009). Treating bulimia nervosa and binge eating: An integrated metacognitive and cognitive therapy manual. London, UK: Routledge.

Cooper, M.J., Todd, G., Woolrich, R., Somerville, K. & Wells, A. (2006). Assessing Eating Disorder thoughts and Behaviors: The Development and Preliminary Evaluation of Two Questionnaires. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30, 551-570.

Cooper, M. J., Wells, A. & Todd, G. (1998) Content, origins and consequences of beliefs in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 12, 213-230.

Cooper, M.J., Wells, A. & Todd, G. (2004). A cognitive model of bulimia nervosa. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, 1-16.

Konstantellou, A., & Reynolds, M. (2010). Intolerance of uncertainty and metacognitions in a non-clinical sample with problematic and normal eating attitudes. Eating Behaviors, 11(3), 193-196.

Loumidis, K. & Wells, A. (1998). Assessment of beliefs in exercise dependence: The development and preliminary validation of beliefs questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 553-567.

Loumidis, K. & Wells, A. (2001). Exercising for the wrong reasons: Relationships among eating disorder beliefs, dysfunctional exercise beliefs and coping. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 8, 416-423.

McDermott, C.J. & Rushford, N. (2013). Dysfunctional metacognitions in Anorexia nervosa. Eating and Weight Disorders, 16(1), 49-55.

Spada, M. M., Caselli, G., Fernie, B. A., Manfredi, C., Boccaletti, F., Dallari, G., Gandini, F., Pinna, E., Ruggiero, G. M. & Sassaroli, S. (2015). Desire thinking: A risk factor for binge eating? Eating Behaviors, 18, 48-53.

Spada, M. M., Caselli, G., Fernie, B. A., Nikčević, A. V., Ruggiero, G. M., Boccaletti, F., Dallari, G. & Sassaroli, S. (2016). Metacognitions about desire thinking predict the severity of binge eating in women. Eating and Weight Disorders – Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 21, 297-304.

Addictive Behaviours

Boldrini, M. P., Caselli, G. & Spada, M. M. (2016). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, problem gambling and metacognition. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Trauma Studies, 1, 90-99.

Caselli, G., Bortolai, C., Leoni, M., Rovetto, F. & Spada, M. M. (2008). Rumination in problem drinkers. Addiction Research & Theory, 16(6), 564-571.

Caselli, G., Canfora, F., Ruggiero, G. M., Sassaroli, S., Albery, I. P. & Spada, M. M. (2015). Desire thinking mediates the relationship between emotional intolerance and problem drinking. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 13(2), 185-193.

Caselli, G., Ferla, M., Mezzaluna, C., Rovetto, F. & Spada, M. M. (2012). Desire thinking across the continuum of drinking behaviour. European Addiction Research, 18(2), 64-69.

Caselli, G., Ferretti, C., Leoni, M., Rebecchi, D., Rovetto, F. & Spada, M. M. (2010). Rumination as a predictor of drinking behaviour: a prospective study. Addiction, 105(6), 1041-1048.

Caselli, G., Gemelli, A. & Spada, M. M. (in press). The experimental manipulation of desire thinking in alcohol use disorder. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy. Published electronically 19th of August 2016.

Caselli, G., Gemelli, A., Spada, M. M. & Wells, A. (2016). Experimental modification of perspective on thoughts and metacognitive beliefs in alcohol use disorder. Psychiatry Research, 244, 57-61.

Caselli, G., Gemelli, A., Querci, S., Lugli, A., Canfora, F., Annovi, C., Rebecchi, D., Ruggiero, G.M., Sassaroli, S., Spada, M.M., & Watkins, E.R. (2013). The effect of rumination on craving across the continuum of drinking behaviour. Addictive Behaviors, 38(12), 2879-2883.

Caselli, G., Manfredi, C., Ferraris, A., Vinciullo, F. & Spada, M. M. (2015). Desire thinking as a mediator of the relationship between novelty seeking and craving. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 1, 2-6.

Caselli, G., Nikčević, A. V., Fiore, F., Mezzaluna, C. & Spada, M. M. (2012). Desire thinking across the continuum of nicotine dependence. Addiction Research & Theory, 20(5), 382-388.

Caselli, G., Soliani, M. & Spada, M. M. (2013). The effect of desire thinking on craving: an experimental investigation. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27(1), 301-306.

Caselli, G. & Spada, M. M. (2010). Metacognitions in desire thinking: a preliminary investigation. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 38(5), 629-637.

Caselli, G. & Spada, M. M. (2011). The Desire Thinking Questionnaire: Development and psychometric properties. Addictive Behaviors, 36(11), 1061-1067.

Caselli, G. & Spada, M. M. (2013). The Metacognitions about Desire Thinking Questionnaire: Development and psychometric properties. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(12), 1284-1298.

Caselli, G. & Spada, M. M. (2015). Desire thinking: What is it and what drives it? Addictive Behaviors, 44, 71-79.

Caselli, G. & Spada, M. M. (in press). Desire thinking: A new target for treatment in addictive behaviours? International Journal of Cognitive Therapy. Published electronically 10th of October 2016.

Clark, A., Tran, C., Weiss, A., Caselli, G., Nikčević, A. V. & Spada, M. M. (2012). Personality and alcohol metacognitions as predictors of levels of alcohol use in binge drinking university students. Addictive Behaviors, 37(4), 537-540.

Fernie, B.A., Caselli, G., Giustina, L., Donato, G., Marcotriggiani, A., Spada, M.M. (2014). Desire thinking as a predictor of gambling. Addictive Behaviours. 39(4), 793-796.

Gierski, F., Spada, M. M., Fois, E., Picard, A., Naassila, M. & Van der Linden, M. (2015). Positive and negative metacognitions about alcohol use among university students: Psychometric properties of the PAMS and NAMS French versions. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 153, 78-85.

Lindberg, A., Fernie, B.A. & Spada, M.M. (2011). Metacognitions in Problem Gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies. 27(1), 73-81.

Martino, F., Caselli, G., Felicetti, F., Rampioni, M., Romanelli, P. Troiani, L., Sassaroli, S., Albery, I. P. & Spada, M. M. (2017). Desire thinking as predictor of craving and binge drinking: A longitudinal study. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 118-122.

Marino, C., Vieno, A., Moss, A. C., Caselli, G., Nikčević, A. V. & Spada, M. M. (2016). Personality, motives and metacognitions as predictors of problematic Facebook use in university students. Personality and Individual Differences, 101, 70-767.

Marino, C., Vieno, A., Pastore, M., Albery, I. P., Frings, D. & Spada, M. M. (2016). Modeling the contribution of personality, social identity and social norms to problematic Facebook use in adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 63, 51-56.

Nikčević, A. V., Caselli, G., Wells, A. & Spada, M. M. (2015). The Metacognitions about Smoking Questionnaire: Development and psychometric properties. Addictive Behaviors, 44, 102-107.

Nikčević, A. V. & Spada, M. M. (2008). Metacognitions across the continuum of smoking dependence. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 36(3), 333-339.

Nikčević, A. V. & Spada, M. M. (2010). Metacognitions about smoking: a preliminary investigation. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 17(6), 536-542.

Spada, M. M. & Caselli, G. (in press). The Metacognitions about Online Gaming Scale: Development and psychometric properties. Addictive Behaviors. Published electronically 20th of July 2015.

Spada, M.M., Caselli, G., Nikcevic, A.V., & Wells, A. (2015). Metacognition in addictive behaviors. Addictive Behaviours, 44, 9-15.

Spada, M. M., Caselli, G., Slaifer, M., Nikčević, A. V. & Sassaroli, S. (2014). Desire thinking as a predictor of problematic Internet use. Social Science Computer Review, 32(4), 474-483.

Spada, M. M., Caselli, G. & Wells, A. (2009). Metacognitions as a predictor of drinking status and level of alcohol use following CBT in problem drinkers: a prospective study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 882-886 .

Spada, M.M., Caselli, G., & Wells, A. (2012). A Triphasic Metacognitive Formulation of Problem Drinking. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy. 20(6), 494-500.

Spada, M. M., Caselli, G. & Wells, A. (2013). A triphasic metacognitive formulation of problem drinking. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 20(6), 494-500.

Spada, M.M., Giustina, L., Rolandi, S., Fernie, B.A., Caselli, G. (2015). Profiling Metacognition in Gambling Disorder. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 43(5), 614-622.

Spada, M. M., Langston, B., Nikčević, A. V. & Moneta, G. B. (2008). The role of metacognitions in problematic internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(5), 2325-2335.

Spada, M. M. & Marino, C. (in press). Metacognitions and emotional regulation as predictors of problematic Internet use in adolescents. Clinical Neuropsychiatry.

Spada, M.M., Moneta, G.B. & Wells, A. (2007). The relative contribution of metacognitive beliefs and expectancies to drinking behaviour. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 42, 567-574.

Spada, M.M., Nikčevič, A.V., Moneta, G.B. & Wells, A. (2007). Metacognitive as a mediator of the relationship between emotion and smoking dependence. Addictive Behaviors, 32, 2120-2129.

Spada, M. M. & Roarty, A. (2015). The relative contribution of metacognitions and attentional control to the severity of gambling in problem gamblers. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 1, 7-11.

Spada, M.M. & Wells, A. (2005). Metacognitions, Emotion and Alcohol Use. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 12, 150-155.

Spada, M. & Wells, A. (2006). Metacognitions about alcohol use in problem drinkers. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 13, 138-143.

Spada, M.M. & Wells, A. (2008). Metacognitive beliefs about alcohol use: development and validation of two self-report scales. Addictive Behaviors, 33, 515-527.

Spada, M. M. & Wells, A. (2009). A metacognitive model of problem drinking. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 16, 383-393.

Spada, M.M. & Wells, A. (2010). Metacognitions across the continuum of drinking behaviour. Personality and Individual Differences, 49, 425-429.

Spada, M.M., Zandvoort, M. & Wells, A. (2007). Metacognitions in Problem Drinkers. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 31, 709-716.

Psychotic Symptoms

Fraser, J., Morrison, A. & Wells, A. (2006). Cognitive Processes, Reasoning Biases and Persecutory Delusions: A Comparative Study. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 34, 421-435.

Hutton, P., Morrison, A.P., Wardle, M., & Wells, A. (2014). Metacognitive Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Psychosis: A Multiple-Baseline Study. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy,42(2), 166-185.

Lobban, F., Haddock, G., Kinderman, P. & Wells, A. (2002). The role of metacognitive beliefs in auditory hallucinations. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 1351-1363.

Morrison, A.P., French, P. & Wells, A. (2007). Metacognitive beliefs across the continuum of psychosis: Comparisons between patients with psychotic disorders, patients at ultra-high risk and non-patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2241-2246.

Morrison, A.P., Nothard, S., Bowe, S.E. & Wells, A. (2004). Interpretations of voices in patients with hallucinations and non-patient controls: a comparison and predictors of distress in patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 1315-1323

Morrison, A.P., Pyle, M., Chapman, N., French, P., Parker, S.K., & Wells, A. (2014). Metacognitive therapy in people with a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis and medication resistant symptoms: A feasibility study. Journal of Behaiour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 45(2), 280-284.

Morrison, A.P., Shryane, N., Fowler, D., Birchwood, M., Gumley, A.I., Taylor, H.E., French, P., Stewart, S.L.K., Jones, P.B., Lewis, S.W. & Bentall, R.P. (2015) ‘Negative cognition, affect, metacognition and dimensions of paranoia in people at ultra-high risk of psychosis: a multi-level modelling analysis’, Psychological Medicine, 45(12), 2675–2684.

Morrison, A. & Wells, A. (2000). Thought control strategies in schizophrenia: a comparison with non-patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 1205-1209.

Morrison, A.P. & Wells, A. (2003). A comparison of metacognitions in patients with hallucinations, delusions, panic disorder, and non-patient controls. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 251-256.

Morrison, A.P. & Wells, A. (2007). Relationships between worry, psychotic experiences and emotional distress in patients with schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses and comparisons with anxious and non-patient groups. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 1593-1600.

Morrison, A. P., Wells, A. & Nothard, S. (2000). Cognitive factors in predisposition to auditory and visual hallucinations. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 39, 67-78.

Morrison, A.P., Wells, A. & Nothard, S. (2002). Cognitive and emotional predictors of predisposition to hallucinations in non-patients. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41, 259-270.

Palmier-Claus, J.E., Dunn,G., Morrison, A.P., & Lewis, S.W. (2011). The role of metacognitive beliefs in stress sensitisation, self-esteem variability, and the generation of paranoia. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. 16(6), 530-546.

Parker, S., Wells, A., Morrison, A.P. (2014). Metacognitive change as a predictor of outcome in cognitive therapy for psychosis. Israel Journal of PsychiatryIsrael Journal of Psychiatry Related Science, 51(1), 8-16.

Varese, F., Bentall, R.P.(2011). The metacognitive beliefs account of hallucinatory experiences: A literature review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(5), 850-864.

Van Oosterhout, B., Krabbendam, L., de Boer, K., Ferwerda, J., van der Helm, M., Stant, A.D. and van der Gaag, M. (2014) Metacognitive group training for schizophrenia spectrum patients with delusions: a randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine, 44(14), 3025–3035.

Wells, A. (2007). The Attention Training Technique: Theory, effects and a metacognitive hypothesis on auditory hallucinations. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 14, 134-138

Metacognition, Worry & Thought Control

Cartwright-Hatton, S., Mather, A., Illingworth, V., Brocki, J., Harrington, R. & Wells, A. (2004). Development and preliminary validation of the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire-Adolescent Version. Anxiety Disorders, 18, 411-422.

Cartwright-Hatton, S. & Wells, A. (1997). Beliefs about worry and intrusions: The Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire and its correlates. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 11, 279-296.

Cooper, M., Todd, G. & Wells, A. (In press). Cognitive Therapy for Bulimia Nervosa: A Clinician’s Guide. London, UK: Routledge.

Davey, G.C.L. & Wells, A. (2006). Worry & Psychological Disorders: Assessment & Treatment. Chichester, UK: Wiley.

Dragan, M., Dragan, W.L., Kononowicz, T., Wells, A. (2012). On the relationship between temperament, metacognition, and anxiety: independent and mediated effects. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 25(6), 697-709.

Esbjorn, B.H., Lonfeldt, N.N., Nielsen, S.K., Reinholdt-Dunne, M.L., Somhovd, M.J., & Cartwright-Hatton, S. (2015). Meta-Worry, Worry, and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents: Relationships and Interactions. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 44(1), 145-156.

Gaskell, S., Wells, A. & Calam, R. (2001). An experimental investigation of thought suppression and anxiety in children. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40, 45-56.

Halvorsen, M., Hagen, R., Hjemdal, O., Eriksen, M.S., Sorli, A.J., Waterloo, K., Eisemann, M., Wang, C.E.A. (2015). Metacognitions and Thought Control Strategies in Unipolar Major Depression: A Comparison of Currently Depressed, Previously Depressed, and Never-Depressed Individuals. Cognitive Therapy & Research. 39 (1), 31-40.

Hjemdal, O., Stiles, T., & Wells, A. (2013). Automatic thoughts and meta-cognition as predictors of depressive or anxious symptoms: A prospective study of two trajectories. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 54: 59–65.

Huntley C. & Fisher, P.L. (2016) Examining the role of positive and negative metacognitive beliefs in depression. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 57, 446–452

Kaur, A., Butow, P., & Thewes, B. (2011). Do Metacognitions Predict Attentional Bias in Health Anxiety?. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 35(6), 575-580.

Konstantellou, A., & Reynolds, M. (2010). Intolerance of uncertainty and metacognitions in a non-clinical sample with problematic and normal eating attitudes. Eating Behaviors, 11(3), 193-196.

Lindberg, A., Fernie, B.A. & Spada, M.M. (2011). Metacognitions in Problem Gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies. 27(1), 73-81.

McDermott, C.J. & Rushford, N. (2013). Dysfunctional metacognitions in Anorexia nervosa. Eating and Weight Disorders, 16(1), 49-55.

McEvcoy, P.M., Moulds, M.L., Mahoney, A.E.J. (2013). Mechanisms driving pre- and post-stressor repetitive negative thinking: Metacognitions, cognitive avoidance, and thought control. Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 44(1), 84-93.

McEvoy, P.M., & Mahoney, A.E.J. (2013). Intolerance of uncertainty and negative metacognitive beliefs as transdiagnostic mediators of repetitive negative thinking in a clinical sample with anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 27(2), 216-224.

Morrison, A. P., Gumley, A. I., Ashcroft, K., Manousos, I. R., White, R., Gillan, K., Wells, A. and Kingdon, D. (2011). Metacognition and persecutory delusions: Tests of a metacognitive model in a clinical population and comparisons with non-patients. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 50(3), 223–233.

Myers, S.G., & Wells,A. (2013). An experimental manipulation of metacognition: A test of the metacognitive model of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 51(4), 177-184.

Nikčević, A.V., Caselli, G., Green, D. Spada, M.M. (2014). Negative Recurrent Thinking as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Depressive Symptoms. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 32(4), 248-256.

Papageorgiou, C. & Wells, A. (1998). Effects of attention training in hypochondriasis: An experimental case series. Psychological Medicine, 28, 193-200.

Papageorgiou, C. & Wells, A. (2004). Depressive Rumination: Nature, Theory, and Treatment. Chichester, UK: Wiley

Spada, M.M., Caselli, G., Manfredi, C., Rebecchi, D., Rovetto, F., Ruggiero, G.M., Nikčević, A.V. & Sassaroli, S. (2011) Parental Overprotection and Metacognitions as Predictors of Worry and Anxiety,Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 40(3), 287–296

Spada, M.M., & Moneta, G.B. (2012). A metacognitive-motivational model of surface appraoch to studying. Educational Psychology, 32(1), 45-62.

Spada, M.M., Nikčevič, A.V., Moneta, G.B. & Wells, A. (2008). Metacognition, perceived stress, and negative emotion. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1172-1181.

Wells, A. (1994) A multi-dimensional measure of worry: Development and preliminary validation of the Anxious Thoughts Inventory. Anxiety Stress and Coping, 6, 289-299.

Wells, A. (1994) Attention and the control of worry. In: G. C. L. Davey & F. Tallis (eds.): Worrying: Perspectives on theory, assessment and treatment. Chichester UK: Wiley. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Wells, A. (1999). Trattamento cognitivo deci disturbi d’ansia (Edizione italiana a cura di, Claudio Sica). Milano, Italia: McGraw-Hill.

Wells, A.(2000). Emotional Disorders and Metacognition: Innovative Cognitive Therapy. Chichester, UK: Wiley.

Wells, A. (2003). Anxiety disorders, metacognition and change. In: R.L. Leahy (ed.). Roadblocks in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Transforming challenges into opportunities for change. New York: Guilford.

Wells, A. (2003). Disturbi emozionali e metacognizione: Nuove strategie di psicoterapia cognitiva. Italy: Erickson.

Wells, A. (2003). Cognitieve therapie bij angststoornissen: Een praktische handleiding. Nederlandstalige: Hbuitgevers.

Wells, A. (2005). Detached Mindfulness in Cognitive Therapy: A metacognitive analysis and ten techniques. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive –Behavior Therapy, 23, 337-355.

Wells, A. (2006). The Anxious Thoughts Inventory and Related Measures of Metacognition and Worry. In: G.C.L. Davey & A. Wells (Eds.). Worry and Psychological Disorders: Assessment and Treatment. Chichester, UK: Wiley.

Wells, A. (2007). The Attention Training Technique: Theory, effects and a metacognitive hypothesis on auditory hallucinations. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 14, 134-138.

Wells, A. (2008). Metacognitive Therapy for Anxiety and Depression. New York: Guilford Press.

Wells, A. & Cartwright-Hatton, S. (2004). A short form of the metacognitions questionnaire: properties of the MCQ 30. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 385-396.

Wells, A. & Davies, M. (1994) The Thought Control Questionnaire: A measure of individual differences in the control of unwanted thought. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 871-878.

Wells, A. & Matthews, G. (1994) Attention and Emotion: A clinical perspective. Hove UK: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Wells, A. & Matthews, G. (1996). Modelling cognition in emotional disorder: The S-REF model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 881-888.

Wells, A. & Matthews, G. (1996). Anxiety and Cognition. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 9, 422-426.

Wells, A. & Matthews, G. (2002). Attention and Emotion: A Clinical Perspective. Japanese translation: Tokyo: Befunken.

Wells, A. & Purdon, C. (1999). Meta-cognition and cognitive behaviour therapy: A special issue. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 2, 71-72.

Wolters, L.H., Hogendoorn, S.A., Oudega, M., Vervoort, L., de Haan, E., Prins, P.J.M., & Boer, F. Psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire-Adolescent Version (MCQ-A) in non-clinical adolescents and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(2), 343-351.

Yilmaz, A.E., Gencoz, T., & Wells, A. (2015). Unique Contributions of Metacognition and Cognition to Depressive Symptoms. Journal of General Psychology, 142(1), 23-33.

Self-Attention and Self-Regulation

Cartwright-Hatton, S., Mather, A., Illingworth, V., Brocki, J., Harrington, R. & Wells, A. (2004). Development and preliminary validation of the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire-Adolescent Version. Anxiety Disorders, 18, 411-422.

Cartwright-Hatton, S. & Wells, A. (1997). Beliefs about worry and intrusions: The Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire and its correlates. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 11, 279-296.

Cooper, M., Todd, G. & Wells, A. (In press). Cognitive Therapy for Bulimia Nervosa: A Clinician’s Guide. London, UK: Routledge.

Davey, G.C.L. & Wells, A. (2006). Worry & Psychological Disorders: Assessment & Treatment. Chichester, UK: Wiley.

Dragan, M., Dragan, W.L., Kononowicz, T., Wells, A. (2012). On the relationship between temperament, metacognition, and anxiety: independent and mediated effects. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 25(6), 697-709.

Esbjorn, B.H., Lonfeldt, N.N., Nielsen, S.K., Reinholdt-Dunne, M.L., Somhovd, M.J., & Cartwright-Hatton, S. (2015). Meta-Worry, Worry, and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents: Relationships and Interactions. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 44(1), 145-156.

Gaskell, S., Wells, A. & Calam, R. (2001). An experimental investigation of thought suppression and anxiety in children. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40, 45-56.

Halvorsen, M., Hagen, R., Hjemdal, O., Eriksen, M.S., Sorli, A.J., Waterloo, K., Eisemann, M., Wang, C.E.A. (2015). Metacognitions and Thought Control Strategies in Unipolar Major Depression: A Comparison of Currently Depressed, Previously Depressed, and Never-Depressed Individuals. Cognitive Therapy & Research. 39 (1), 31-40.

Hjemdal, O., Stiles, T., & Wells, A. (2013). Automatic thoughts and meta-cognition as predictors of depressive or anxious symptoms: A prospective study of two trajectories. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 54: 59–65.

Huntley C. & Fisher, P.L. (2016) Examining the role of positive and negative metacognitive beliefs in depression. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 57, 446–452

Kaur, A., Butow, P., & Thewes, B. (2011). Do Metacognitions Predict Attentional Bias in Health Anxiety?. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 35(6), 575-580.

Konstantellou, A., & Reynolds, M. (2010). Intolerance of uncertainty and metacognitions in a non-clinical sample with problematic and normal eating attitudes. Eating Behaviors, 11(3), 193-196.

Lindberg, A., Fernie, B.A. & Spada, M.M. (2011). Metacognitions in Problem Gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies. 27(1), 73-81.

McDermott, C.J. & Rushford, N. (2013). Dysfunctional metacognitions in Anorexia nervosa. Eating and Weight Disorders, 16(1), 49-55.

McEvcoy, P.M., Moulds, M.L., Mahoney, A.E.J. (2013). Mechanisms driving pre- and post-stressor repetitive negative thinking: Metacognitions, cognitive avoidance, and thought control. Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 44(1), 84-93.

McEvoy, P.M., & Mahoney, A.E.J. (2013). Intolerance of uncertainty and negative metacognitive beliefs as transdiagnostic mediators of repetitive negative thinking in a clinical sample with anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 27(2), 216-224.

Morrison, A. P., Gumley, A. I., Ashcroft, K., Manousos, I. R., White, R., Gillan, K., Wells, A. and Kingdon, D. (2011). Metacognition and persecutory delusions: Tests of a metacognitive model in a clinical population and comparisons with non-patients. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 50(3), 223–233.

Myers, S.G., & Wells,A. (2013). An experimental manipulation of metacognition: A test of the metacognitive model of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 51(4), 177-184.

Nikčević, A.V., Caselli, G., Green, D. Spada, M.M. (2014). Negative Recurrent Thinking as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Depressive Symptoms. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. 32(4), 248-256.

Papageorgiou, C. & Wells, A. (1998). Effects of attention training in hypochondriasis: An experimental case series. Psychological Medicine, 28, 193-200.

Papageorgiou, C. & Wells, A. (2004). Depressive Rumination: Nature, Theory, and Treatment. Chichester, UK: Wiley

Spada, M.M., Caselli, G., Manfredi, C., Rebecchi, D., Rovetto, F., Ruggiero, G.M., Nikčević, A.V. & Sassaroli, S. (2011) Parental Overprotection and Metacognitions as Predictors of Worry and Anxiety,Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 40(3), 287–296

Spada, M.M., & Moneta, G.B. (2012). A metacognitive-motivational model of surface appraoch to studying. Educational Psychology, 32(1), 45-62.

Spada, M.M., Nikčevič, A.V., Moneta, G.B. & Wells, A. (2008). Metacognition, perceived stress, and negative emotion. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1172-1181.

Wells, A. (1994) A multi-dimensional measure of worry: Development and preliminary validation of the Anxious Thoughts Inventory. Anxiety Stress and Coping, 6, 289-299.

Wells, A. (1994) Attention and the control of worry. In: G. C. L. Davey & F. Tallis (eds.): Worrying: Perspectives on theory, assessment and treatment. Chichester UK: Wiley. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Wells, A. (1999). Trattamento cognitivo deci disturbi d’ansia (Edizione italiana a cura di, Claudio Sica). Milano, Italia: McGraw-Hill.

Wells, A.(2000). Emotional Disorders and Metacognition: Innovative Cognitive Therapy. Chichester, UK: Wiley.

Wells, A. (2003). Anxiety disorders, metacognition and change. In: R.L. Leahy (ed.). Roadblocks in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Transforming challenges into opportunities for change. New York: Guilford.

Wells, A. (2003). Disturbi emozionali e metacognizione: Nuove strategie di psicoterapia cognitiva. Italy: Erickson.

Wells, A. (2003). Cognitieve therapie bij angststoornissen: Een praktische handleiding. Nederlandstalige: Hbuitgevers.

Wells, A. (2005). Detached Mindfulness in Cognitive Therapy: A metacognitive analysis and ten techniques. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive –Behavior Therapy, 23, 337-355.

Wells, A. (2006). The Anxious Thoughts Inventory and Related Measures of Metacognition and Worry. In: G.C.L. Davey & A. Wells (Eds.). Worry and Psychological Disorders: Assessment and Treatment. Chichester, UK: Wiley.

Wells, A. (2007). The Attention Training Technique: Theory, effects and a metacognitive hypothesis on auditory hallucinations. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 14, 134-138.

Wells, A. (2008). Metacognitive Therapy for Anxiety and Depression. New York: Guilford Press.

Wells, A. & Cartwright-Hatton, S. (2004). A short form of the metacognitions questionnaire: properties of the MCQ 30. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 385-396.

Wells, A. & Davies, M. (1994) The Thought Control Questionnaire: A measure of individual differences in the control of unwanted thought. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 871-878.

Wells, A. & Matthews, G. (1994) Attention and Emotion: A clinical perspective. Hove UK: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Wells, A. & Matthews, G. (1996). Modelling cognition in emotional disorder: The S-REF model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 881-888.

Wells, A. & Matthews, G. (1996). Anxiety and Cognition. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 9, 422-426.

Wells, A. & Matthews, G. (2002). Attention and Emotion: A Clinical Perspective. Japanese translation: Tokyo: Befunken.

Wells, A. & Purdon, C. (1999). Meta-cognition and cognitive behaviour therapy: A special issue. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 2, 71-72.

Wolters, L.H., Hogendoorn, S.A., Oudega, M., Vervoort, L., de Haan, E., Prins, P.J.M., & Boer, F. Psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire-Adolescent Version (MCQ-A) in non-clinical adolescents and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(2), 343-351.

Yilmaz, A.E., Gencoz, T., & Wells, A. (2015). Unique Contributions of Metacognition and Cognition to Depressive Symptoms. Journal of General Psychology, 142(1), 23-33.

Attention Training Technique and Detached Mindfulness

Fergus, T.A., Bardeen, J.R., Orcutt, H.K. (2012). Attentional control moderates the relationship between activation of the cognitive attentional syndrome and symptoms of psychopathology. Personality and Individual Differences. 53(3), 213-217.

Matthews, G. & Wells, A. (1996) Attentional Processes, Dysfunctional Coping, and Clinical Intervention. In: M. Zeidner & N. Endler (eds.): Handbook of Coping: Theory, Research, Applications. New York: Wiley.

Matthews, G. & Wells, A. (1988) Relationships between anxiety, self-consciousness and cognitive failures. Cognition and Emotion, 2, 123-132.

Matthews, G. & Wells, A. (1999). The cognitive science of emotion and attention. In: M. Power & T. Dalgleish (eds.). Handbook of Cognition and Emotion. Hove UK: Erlbaum.

Matthews, G. & Wells, A. (2000). Attention, automaticity, and affective disorder. Behaviour Modification, 24, 69-93.

Spada, M. M., Georgiou, G. & Wells, A. (2010). The relationship among metacognitions, attentional control and state anxiety. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 39, 64-71.

Spada, M.M., Roarty, A. (2015). The relative contribution of metacognitions and attentional control to the severity of gambling in problem gamblers. Addictive Behaviors Report. 1,7-11.

Wells, A. (1985) Relationships between private self-consciousness and anxiety scores in threatening situations. Psychological Reports, 57, 1063-1066.

Wells, A. (1990) Effects of dispositional self-focus, appraisal, and attention instructions on responses to a threatening stimulus. Anxiety Research, 3, 291-301.

Wells, A. & Matthews G. (1994). Attention and Emotion: A Clinical Perspective. Hove, UK:Erlbaum.

Wells, A. & Matthews, G. (1994) Self-consciousness and cognitive failures as predictors of coping in stressful episodes. Cognition and Emotion, 8, 279-295.

Yilmaz, A.E., Gencoz, T. & Wells, A. (2010). The temporal precedence of metacognition in the development of anxiety and depression symptoms in the context of life stress: A prospective study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders